Except Mozilla has declining revenues.

Possibly even less money in the future if the Google antitrust suit bars them from paying Mozilla to place their search engine first.

I understand what you’re saying, and that in the real world, bad security practices abound among average users who are likely to have passwords like “12345678” or “password”

But in this fictional scenario, my advice is directed at someone who has something valuable enough to protect behind a 121 character passphrase against a very determined adversary who has a Planck Cruncher at their disposal and is willing to run it for 100 years to crack that someone’s data.

A little extra security protocol might be worth the extra effort.

I can see how that would be unclear, and I apologize for the misunderstanding.

You’re describing the best case scenario for the person wishing to protect their password, where the Planck Cruncher guesses the password on the very last possible combination, taking 100 years to get there.

The Planck Cruncher might guess the password correctly on the first try, or it might guess correctly on the last possible combination in 100 years.

What we really want to measure are the odds of a random guess being correct.

The most “realistic” scenario is the Planck Cruncher guessing correctly somewhere between 0 and 100 years, but you want to adjust the length of the password to be secure against a powerful attack during the realistic life of whatever system you’re trying to protect.

On average, assuming the rate of password testing is constant, it’ll take the Planck Cruncher 50 years to guess the 121 character password.

And that assumes the password never changes.

If the password is changed while the Planck Cruncher is doing its thing, and it changes to something that the PC has already guessed and tested negative, the PC is screwed.

Hint: Change your password regularly. edit: The user should change their password regularly during the attack.

Each password change reduces the risk of a lucky guess by that many years of PC attack.