An extra hard drive doesn’t save you from something like your house burning down. Off-site backups are important!

That order blocks access to Treasury data, not department of labor data.

Assuming the new drive is an equal size or larger: Boot from a USB drive and use dd to clone the old drive to the new one. Then, remove the old drive and boot from the new one. You’ll also need to resize the partitions on the new drive if it’s larger.