My HP All-In-One 20-c081nt has the processor Intel Core i3-6100U, which is supposed to not run hotter than 100C. On Windows if 100C is reached, the screen will fade out and PC will immediately shutdown. A warning will be shown at next boot. On Linux, seen in the video, the PC will simply keep running as if nothing has happened and show the thermal shutdown warning after a graceful reboot.
You are saying, you are using your computer normally and it will reach temperature so high it needs to self-shutdown ? Either your laptop needs a good cleaning, maybe if it’s very old replacing the thermal past, or this is really a terrible design flaw.